Article 15(1)(h)

Article 15(1)(h) of the General Data Protection Regulation establishes the data subject's right to obtain, in cases of automated decisions referred to in Article 22(1) and (4), 'meaningful information about the logic involved, as well as the significance and the envisaged consequences of such processing'. The central question, debated for years in the literature, is whether this constitutes a right to substantive explanation or merely to generic communication of the algorithm. The CJEU's Dun & Bradstreet judgment of February 2025 established that the information must be 'accessible and intelligible' to the affected person and that generic invocation of trade secrecy does not stand in the way of the obligation. Opening the Black Box treats the article in the context of the technical feasibility of substantive explanation.